The Development of a Virtual Simulator for a Novel Design Non-Permanent Magnetic Needle Based Eye Anesthesia Training System

Ophthalmic anesthesia plays a crucial role in eye surgery. However, the conventional practice of this process is blind procedure, which needle inserted blindly into cadaver. This paper introduces tip tracking system for ophthalmic training focusing on Retrobulbar block procedure. The study presents development prototyped using Hall effect sensor arrays to track 5D magnetized (X, Y, Z, θ, φ ). orbital structure fabricated with embedded sensors. extended Kalman filter and least square method are developed select observation model from multiple sets estimate coordinates. robotic manipulator (ABB YUMI) used set between distance initial angle needle. provides position an RMS Euclidean error up 1.7398 ± 0.5288 mm. As result, capable providing positions acceptable comparing system’s accuracy size retrobulbar target space important anatomies.